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In a society news release, study author Dr. Theodore Friedman, chief of the division of endocrinology, metabolism and molecular medicine at Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science in Los Angeles, noted that smokers tend to face a higher diabetes risk, even though “smoking causes weight loss, which should protect against heart disease.”

But prior studies have shown smokers to be more insulin-resistant, which leads to higher blood-sugar levels. Some studies had suggested that the key factor at work was nicotine’s effect on the stress hormone cortisol, since, as Friedman said, “cortisol excess is known to induce insulin resistance.”

“Our results suggest that reducing tissue glucocorticoid levels or decreasing insulin resistance may reduce the heart disease seen in smokers,” said Friedman. “We anticipate that in the future there will be drugs to specifically block the effect of nicotine on glucocorticoids [such as cortisol] and insulin resistance.” Via